Infamous “Hellship” IJN Tottori Maru: From Commercial Service to Historic Dive Site

Colorized Tottori Maru

The Tottori Maru, a once-majestic cargo ship built in Scotland, has a storied past that spans across peaceful trade routes to the harrowing theaters of World War II. This vessel’s journey from its construction in 1913 to its eventual sinking in 1945 encapsulates a significant period in maritime and military history. Initially serving as a vital link in international commerce, the Tottori Maru’s role dramatically shifted with the outbreak of global conflict. It transformed from a commercial cargo carrier to a “hellship,” transporting prisoners of war under dire conditions, including those who endured the brutal construction of the River Kwai Bridge and Hellfire Pass.

This blog post delves into the significant milestones of the Tottori Maru, exploring its early years, its service during wartime, and its infamous reputation as a hellship. We’ll recount its final voyage and tragic sinking, as well as the rediscovery of its wreck, which now serves as a poignant underwater memorial and dive site. Through this detailed chronicle, we honor the memory of those who suffered aboard this vessel and recognize the historical significance of the Tottori Maru’s multifaceted legacy.

The Construction and Early Years of Tottori Maru

In 1913, the Tottori Maru was laid down at Russell & Co. in Port Glasgow, Scotland, as a 6,056-ton cargo ship. Later that year, it was sold to the Nippon Yusen Kaisha K. K. (NYK Line) in Tokyo while still under construction. The ship was launched in August 1913 and named Tottori Maru. By January 19, 1914, the vessel was completed and ready for service. Between 1917 and 1923, the Tottori Maru served as a cargo carrier on NYK’s Bordeaux ~ Cristobel ~ New York route.

Wartime Service and Requisition

With the onset of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident on July 7, 1937, tensions in China escalated, leading to the Tottori Maru being requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) on August 21, 1937, as transport ship No. 139. Although released back to its owners on December 15, 1937, it was repeatedly requisitioned and released over the following years as the demands of the war fluctuated. The ship played a crucial role in various military operations, transporting troops and supplies across the Pacific and Southeast Asia.

The Tottori Maru as a Hellship

In October 1942, the Tottori Maru was converted into a “hellship,” tasked with transporting prisoners of war (POWs) under deplorable conditions. On October 6, 1942, 31 American officers and 1,930 enlisted POWs, many of whom were survivors of the infamous Bataan Death March and laborers from the River Kwai Bridge and Hellfire Pass, were forcibly embarked at Pier Seven, Port of Manila. The ship set sail on October 8, 1942, for Takao, Formosa, and later transported these POWs to various destinations under brutal conditions. The men suffered from extreme overcrowding, malnutrition, and abuse during the voyage, resulting in numerous deaths.

The Pacific War and Final Voyage

As the Pacific War began on December 8, 1941, the Tottori Maru became deeply involved in military logistics. The ship transported troops and supplies to key locations, including Thailand, China, and the Philippines. On April 10, 1942, it participated in the invasion of Cebu, Philippines, transporting a large contingent of Japanese troops. The vessel continued to serve in various operations throughout the war, surviving multiple attacks and completing numerous voyages despite the constant threat of Allied submarines and aircraft.

Sinking and Rediscovery

On May 15, 1945, the Tottori Maru met its end in the Gulf of Siam. Attacked by the USS Hammerhead (SS-364) under the command of LtCdr Frank M. Smith, the ship was hit by a torpedo and sank at 0151 hours, resting in 75 meters of water. The sinking resulted in the loss of 53 crew members, including Captain Hirotake Otsuka. The wreck of the Tottori Maru now lies on its port side with the bow nearly broken off. It has since become a popular dive site, attracting divers who seek to explore its remnants and pay tribute to its historical significance.

Diving the Tottori Maru: A Guide for Enthusiasts

Preparation and Safety

Diving the Tottori Maru requires careful preparation and adherence to safety protocols. It is recommended for experienced divers with proper training due to its historical significance and potential hazards. CCR Trimix dives are recommended on this dive site.

What to Expect Underwater

Divers descending to the wreck site will encounter features that tell Tottori Maru’s story. The ship’s remains are encrusted with coral and inhabited by various marine species, creating a vibrant underwater ecosystem. Key areas of interest include cargo holds, deck machinery, and remnants of the superstructure. The site’s generally good visibility allows for detailed exploration and photography.

The Future of the Tottori Maru Dive Site

Conservation Efforts

Preserving Tottori Maru is crucial for maintaining its historical and ecological value. Conservation efforts focus on preventing damage from human activities and environmental factors, including regular monitoring of the wreck’s condition and promoting sustainable diving practices.

Enhancing Diver Experience

We can enhance the diver experience by offering guided tours and educational programs about Tottori Maru’s history. These initiatives provide a comprehensive understanding of the wreck’s significance, fostering a deeper appreciation for underwater heritage. Advanced diving courses focused on wreck exploration are also available for enthusiasts looking to expand their skills.

Conclusion

The IJN Tottori Maru’s transformation from a commercial vessel to a naval auxiliary and its eventual sinking illustrates the dynamic history of maritime warfare and trade. Today, the wreck serves as a poignant dive site, offering a window into the past and a thriving underwater habitat. As we continue to explore and preserve this historic site, the legacy of Tottori Maru endures, captivating the imagination of divers and historians alike.

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